The OECD published “Key Concepts and Current Technical Trends in Cryptography for Policy Makers” on June 20, 2024, as Digital Economy Papers No. 364. The paper was approved and declassified by the Digital Policy Committee on April 5, 2024.
According to the publication, the report introduces cryptography to policymakers and covers symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, public key infrastructure, and end-to-end encryption. It addresses quantum technologies as a potential threat to the foundations of public key cryptography, stating that while current quantum computers are far from causing such disruptions, a transition to quantum-resistant (or post-quantum) cryptography is essential to address their future impact.
The paper was produced as part of the review of the 1997 OECD Recommendation concerning Guidelines for Cryptography Policy. It also discussed quantum cryptography, noting that while it shows promise for secure communications, it is not yet suitable for sensitive applications. Additional topics included homomorphic encryption and technical approaches to lawful access challenges.