An interim final rule published by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) on September 6, 2024, imposed new worldwide export controls on quantum computing items, including quantum computers, related equipment, components, materials, software, and technology. Uzbekistan is listed in both Country Group D:1 (national security) and Country Group D:5 (U.S. arms embargo), which carry the most restrictive licensing requirements under the new rule.
BIS created a new License Exception for Implemented Export Controls (IEC), allowing license-free exports to countries that have enacted equivalent national controls on quantum computing items. Uzbekistan is not eligible for this exception. Foreign nationals from D:1 and D:5 countries working with controlled quantum technology in the United States are subject to new reporting requirements under a general license, rather than an outright license requirement, in recognition of the global nature of the quantum workforce.
Several allied nations, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, France, Canada, and Germany, announced or implemented equivalent national controls alongside the U.S. rule. The controls added 18 new Export Control Classification Numbers to the Commerce Control List covering quantum computers, cryogenic cooling systems, and associated materials and software.